Alberta court finds carbon pricing unconstitutional. Kenney claims 'big win'

Environment and Climate Change Minister Jonathan Wilkinson says he’s looking to the Supreme Court to make the “ultimate” decision, after the Court of Appeal of Alberta found the federal carbon pricing law to be unconstitutional.

In a decision released Monday, the majority on the court said the Trudeau government’s Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act was a “constitutional Trojan horse.”

The court acknowledged “the deep concern amongst Canadians” about climate change and that “a number of provinces” agreed with pricing pollution, but called this an appeal to “majoritarianism,” something it said the constitution was supposed to protect against.

“There is no principled basis … to concentrate such extensive law-making powers in Parliament,” reads the decision by Chief Justice Catherine Fraser, Justice Jack Watson and Justice Elizabeth Hughes. “We take no issue with the federal government’s virtuous motives for the act; we are assessing only its constitutionality under division of powers.”

Alberta Premier Jason Kenney framed the news as a “big win” for the province. “We urge the Trudeau government to respect the ruling of the court, and scrap their carbon tax immediately on Alberta families,” he said in a statement.

But the Alberta court decision comes after appeals courts in both Saskatchewan and Ontario ruled separately last year that the federal carbon pricing law was, in fact, constitutional.

Ontario’s court even explicitly ruled that federal politicians can indeed "legislate on matters that are of national concern” for the peace, order and good government of Canada.

The Supreme Court is set to hear the Saskatchewan and Ontario cases on March 17 and 18. Speaking to media shortly after the Alberta decision was released, Wilkinson pointed to those upcoming court dates.

“Certainly, we respect the rulings of all courts in this country, but I would tell you that the courts in Saskatchewan disagreed, the courts in Ontario disagreed, and we look forward to the Supreme Court — which is the ultimate arbiter of issues around differing interpretations of jurisdiction — to be making the ultimate determination in March,” Wilkinson said.

“Our view in terms of the ruling is that we remain confident that our arguments will succeed. Obviously that is a decision for the judges, it is not a decision for me as a politician. But we remain confident that it is within federal jurisdiction.”

The 4-1 Alberta Court of Appeal decision saw Justice Thomas Wakeling write a concurring opinion while Justice Kevin Feehan dissented.

By enacting the law, the court reasoned, the federal government was trying to hoard “wide ranging discretionary powers” to which it was not entitled, that would strike at “almost every aspect” of natural resources, industry and citizen behaviour.

Feehan wrote in his dissenting opinion that he felt the carbon pricing law was “wholly constitutional” and that his reasoning largely agreed with those on the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan and Court of Appeal for Ontario.