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Big Oil is lobbying aggressively against climate action

#24 of 25 articles from the Special Report: The Influencers
Illustration by Ata Ojani

Fossil fuel companies and their industry associations lobbied the federal government an average of five times per working day in 2023, according to a new analysis from Environmental Defence.

The environmental watchdog tracked 31 companies and industry associations over the course of last year and identified 1,255 separate meetings. The top lobbied departments were Energy and Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and Finance Canada, with 313, 253 and 118 meetings respectively. 

It’s no surprise the three departments most responsible for the country’s emission reduction efforts are the target of intense lobbying, according to the study’s lead author, Emilia Belliveau.

“The oil and gas lobby is targeting ECCC, NRCAN and Finance because those are the ministries that hold the pen on a lot of key pieces of legislation or regulation that will impact the fossil fuel industry as we try to tackle climate change,” she told Canada’s National Observer.

“The oil and gas industry in Canada has a vested interest in persuading governments to not enact regulations, policies or laws that would limit the production of fossil fuels and potentially reduce companies’ profits,” the report reads. “Oil and gas lobbyists also lobby for more financial support for the industry. And they have a track record of success: virtually every environmental policy in Canada has been either delayed, weakened, or blocked.

“In 2023, these ministries were developing the proposed regulation for capping emissions from the fossil fuel sector; the draft Clean Electricity Regulations; methane regulations; and the Canadian Sustainable Jobs Act,” according to the report. “These departments were also developing rules to end subsidies and public financing to the oil and gas industry.”

The top fossil fuel lobbyist was the Pathways Alliance, which recorded 105 meetings with government officials. The alliance represents Canadian Natural Resources, Cenovus, Imperial Oil, MEG Energy, Suncor and ConocoPhillips Canada, who together are responsible for 95 per cent of oilsands production. 

Together, those companies also set 365 of their own meetings with government officials. 

If those member companies' individual meetings with government officials are added with the Pathways Alliance, the oilsands majors are responsible for 469 meetings, representing 37 per cent of the known fossil fuel lobbying in 2023. Meetings between government officials and fossil fuel representatives initiated by the government are not included in the federal lobbyist registry, meaning the total number of meetings is higher than the 1,255 identified by Environmental Defence.

Fossil fuel companies and their industry associations lobbied the federal government an average of five times per working day in 2023.

The Pathways Alliance did not respond to an immediate request for comment.

Belliveau described the lobbyist registry as “a bit of a black box,” because it does not require companies to specifically outline what they are lobbying for. However, she says it’s simple enough to put two and two together to understand the influence. Companies wouldn’t dedicate such significant resources to lobbying efforts if it wasn’t effective, and because critical policies have been delayed or weakened, it’s clear the lobbying works, she says.

The most lobbied federal ministers were Energy and Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinson (34), Environment and Climate Change Minister Steven Guilbeault (12), and Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages Randy Boissonneault (11). Boissonneault was the former assistant minister of finance until July 2023. 

Beyond the ministers, oil and gas lobbyists focused their efforts on high-ranking bureaucrats. An NRCan assistant deputy minister participated in 97 meetings with fossil fuel lobbyists in 2023, for example, highlighting the power of civil servants. 

“The public sector workers have a huge role to play in developing the briefing notes that ministers then see, and in the implementation and follow through of the policies and regulations that government is working on,” Belliveau said. “So those people play a crucial role and the more the oil and gas industry can build relationships and provide resources to those folks, the more reach the oil and gas industry has.”

58 Liberal MPs, including cabinet ministers, met with oil and gas representatives 223 times according to the study. Meanwhile, 52 Conservative MPs met fossil fuel lobbyists 196 times. 

Belliveau said it makes complete sense the governing party is the most lobbied, but noted it is revealing how much the Conservative Party is taking meetings when compared to the other opposition parties. Four NDP MPs each had one meeting with a fossil fuel representative, and two Bloc Québécois MPs each met once with an oil and gas lobbyist.

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